                             - 419 -

                            .

    .        
.

          . 
       , 
          "" (= 1)
    "" (= 0),  256  .
 ,       256  -
  (   ASCII)      
 0  255.          
,          -
  -         ,  
         ,  
  .   ,    ,    
     0  255,  ,   -
    00000000  11111111  -
    00  FF.      ,
           
.         B,
     -    H, , 11111111B
  FFH.     Microsoft    
  &H,   &FFH;  ,   
   .

 :

            ,  
 8 .     , 
   0  7.         -
  ,     .   
  ,         10
      ,       
    .   ,      
,  - ,    -   ..,  
128    .   ,    
 1,     1     ,   
0,  1     ,    
9 + 1 = 0         .    
     :

   00000000               0
   00000001               1
   00000010               2
   00000011               3
   00000100               4
   00000101               5
   00000110               6
   00000111               7
   00001000               8
   00001001               9
   00001010              10

                             - 420 -

         -
, ..        0, 1, 10,
11, 100, 101  ..      ,   -
 ,     , 
.             
,        , 
     :

        7     6     5     4     3     2     1     0
  128   64    32    16     8     4     2     1

      10000001,   
7  0.   7  128,    0 - 1,  
   129.      , 
   ASCII  129,     u 
 (    -  ).  ,
        A,   ASCII
65,       , -
  : 64  1,   01000001B.
       ?     
 ,         
   .     
     .    -
       .  , 
  ,          
         .   
      ,     -  
  .         
              0  
255.        66  01000010  
,       01,     -  10.
    ,           , 
 -  2  .  , 
     .   
        ,     
   .       
,     .       
  .

 :

                 
  ,     -
    16 .       
  ,  - ,  -  .   
        ,  -
,   - .       
  ,   - 16,  - 256  ..
  ,        9, 
           ,
       .     -
  10  ?    ,  -
      6      
   :

                             - 421 -

           

            A                             10
            B                             11
            C                             12
            D                             13
            E                             14
            F                             15

    : ...  8, 9,
A, B, C, D, E, F, 10, 11 ... 19, 1A, 1B  ..
         ,  
       1/2 -
.   ,   F6 F     
,  6 -       (    
 ,  - "").   
     .  FH  =  1111B,  6H = 0110B
(,    H  B - ,      11
  11   11 ).   -
   F6H    11110110.   
 ()   6FF6H.      
    0110111111110110.     
 ,        , -
,  F6FH    0000111101101111.
        ,    .
   ,     
,   .

   :

   ,          ,
    ,       
 . -,  ,    
:     .   -
        ;      
    2000         
     2000.      
  INP  OUT    IN  OUT  -
.        
PEEK  POKE,         MOV.  65K
    1024K   .
      16- ,    -
           
  16 .    ,   -
  16    65535.         
     FFFFH.     4
 ,         -
 (FFFFH),      IBM PC
(AT        ,  -
 ,   ).
           64K   
16-         . -
          64K;
  16-       
.          
    16- ,  -

                             - 422 -

   .      ?  
  ,        
          16  ( =  4
)   .  ,   -
   2, ,    16,  32,  
        32-  
.       7,   32  7  -
,      39-  ,    7-.
   ( )    7,   -
  - 39.
                
  DEF  SEG.      DEF SEG =  2,  
  ,         
32- ,    .    
 PEEK  POKE        -
.   , PEEK(7)      ,
.. 39-  .
             
.     ,     
    .   -
     0000:0000,    4    
  ,    -   (-
).    ,    39- 
  0002:0007.   ,      
      ,     
, , 0001:0017.     
     5-   .   ,
     B000:0000,   
 B0000H.  ,   H     -
 .
        . 
      ,     
     .     A48BH -
,    1000:0007,   0007  8B,  
0008 - A4.  ,       
    F58CA98DH,  8D         
 ,  F5 -   .